1. Thorn-like process or outgrowth of the cuticula and part of it (without a joint). Example: the spines on the scutellum in many Stratiomyidae and in Simulium pupae 'tergite IX with 1 small seta and 1 short, slightly curved terminal spine'.
2. Large seta seated in an alveolus. Example: in Heleomyzidae 'the wings often have small but distinctly longer, well-spaced spines mixed with the shorter spines along the leading edge'.
1. When used in citations square brackets indicate uncertainty. Most commonly it will be the year that is given between square brackets. In this case the date of description is uncertain and the date between the brackets is the earliest, verifiable date. For example: Anomoia purmunda (Harris, [1780]) (Diptera: Tephritidae). The name waspublished in a series of piblications of which the first was issues in 1776 and the last one was dated 1780. The name proposed was in an undated volume, but this volume was published in 1780 at the latest.
2. When used in citations in lists of synonyms, square brackets are often used to enclose statements of clarification or misidentification. For example: Acletoxenus Frauenfeld, 1868: 152. Type species: Acletoxenus syrphoides Frauenfeld, 1868 [= Gitona formosa Loew, 1864], mon. Von Frauenfeld (1868) described the genus Acletoxenus which has Acletoxenus syrphoides as type species. However, that species had already been described under the name Gitona formosa by Loew (1864).
One or more setae on the most lateral part of the mesonotum immediately above the notopleuron base of the wing, so situated between the lateral margin of the mesonotum and (if present) the intra-alar setae.
I have just received the very sad news that Peter Chandler has died after a fall at home yesterday. I have no other details at the moment. We shall miss him terribly.
Anyone have scans of the Genus Semaranga in:
1)Kanmiya, K. (1983) A systematic study of the Japanese Chloropidae (Diptera).
2) Andersson, H. (1977 Taxonomic and Phylogenetic studies on Chloropid
Dr Michael von Tschirnhaus, a leading expert on Chloropidae and Agromyzidae, died on 16 September 2025 at the age of 86. He will be greatly missed by the international community. R.I.P.
Anyone has the scan of "Harkness, R. D.; Ismay, J. W. 1976: A new species of Trachysiphonella (Dipt., Chloropidae) from Greece, associated with an ant Cataglyphis bicolor (F.) (Hym., Formicidae)