A condition where the size of the wing is reduced in comparison with a normally winged specimen. A distinction should be made between 'small-winged' species, that always have short, but fully functional wings, and brachypterous species, in which wing size in some or all individuals has been reduced to such an extent that flight is impossible.
Brachyptery is often found in species that have a parasitic, terrestrial or even subterranean life style or that are found in other circumstances where wings are of little uses (e.g., boreal conditions or locations without natural enemies like some oceanic islands).
Within certain species fully-winged individuals may occur next to brachypterous individuals and/or apterous individuals.
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