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Its difficult now. Manfred wrote, that:

1. the only european species feeding on Salix is C. lutea. But your photo is definitively not lutea. Also, lutea is not recordend yet from Iberian Penisule.

2. C. connatus feeds on Alnus only (from recent literature). Your larve looks like connatus, except some details. So connatus in Central Europe is never yellow (there is no description of any yellow Cimbex larve in Europe), but adult Cimbex larva changes color, so yellow may be possible.

So Manfreds wants to know, weather perhaps an Alnus tree is near the locations, or you have exact observation that the larve feeds on Salix (or was walking there only), or you tried to breed the larve. In every case, it is very interesting. There are some explanations: extreme form of connatus, new species...

I will recommand, that you contact Manfred directly, because I am not interested in the case, and it is not important for the forum. Best, you send me an Email, and I send you the email adress back (christian at bembix.de

Regards, Christian

P.S. Manfred Kraus is one of the leading Symphyta experts in Europe. In his PHD-Theses, he published the first key for Symphyta larva in Central Europe, about 30 years ago.