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Ha, interesting about the wintertime habits of Heleomyzids! I went back to my records and found that the first Heleomyzid I ever photographed was in March (it's still cold here in March) and the others were in September, October, and November. You're right, I have no summer photos of them!

On point one, talk to me like you would talk to a seven-year-old child. I suspect dc means "discal cross vein," and I know where that is, but what does 1+4 mean? I'm not sure what "1 or" means, maybe it means one pair of orbital bristles?

Thanks for your help, Nikita!