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Dear Nigel,
I never try to identify females of appendiculatum, caliginosum and allied species. Parent also used the vein curvation character in some genera. But have you ever seen absolutely flat wing in dry Dolichopodidae? I never. In addition, there is some extent of individual variability by that character.

As for me, I do not usually publish new records by females only (not associated with males), if they belong to Rhaphium (and Chrysotus, Teuchophorus, Medetera, Argyra, Hydrophorus, Sympycnus) [except for some remarkable species].
Igor.