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Hello,

In the P?rigord (south of France), 2008/VII/23, 270 masl, size: 22-25mm (really huge like a Vespa crabro !!).

I don't know whether the species has holoptic eyes. Anyway, I saw several specimens in a few days and some of them had a very territorial behaviour, chasing from their territory (a square of thristles) other Diptera (mainly Eristalini), but also Hymenoptera (wild bees) and even Lepidoptera.