---

Chloropidae, Chloropinae: Pachylophus spec., an ovoviviparous Old World genus with 35 valid species, six occurring in two regions: Afrotropics 24, Australasia 5, Oriental 6, Palaearctic 5. Ovoviviparity may be a benefit in dry areas where after rain grasses are quickly growing, flowering and soon are wilting or being grazed off by ruminants, zebras, other steppe mammals and by grasshoppers [my speculation]. Two Pachylophus larvae develop in their egg shell at once and fill the whole abdomen of the female. After their birth (hind end first) the next pair of offspring starts their development (my observation on species in Afrotropical countries). Read the interesting paper of John Deeming (2018, Zootaxa 4482(1): 1-151).