---

Urophora solstitialis L. 1758, a common species in Europe and Turkey infesting various Carduus thistles. Wing pattern hypervariable (in the dark form it is identical with U. terebrans, but the males often are much lighter, often with reduced crossbands -- as on this picture); fore femur with dark band, which never occurs in U. affinis and closely related knapweed specialists U. pauperata, U. jaceana, U. sirunaseva, and U. merzi.